Chapter 31: R Matrices
Part 1: What is a Matrix? A matrix is a two-dimensional rectangular data structure where all elements must be of the same type (all numbers, all characters, all logical values, etc.). It has rows and columns,...
Category: R
Chapter 32: R Arrays
Part 1: What is an Array? An array is a multi-dimensional data structure where all elements must be of the same type (like matrices). It’s essentially a generalization of matrices to any number of dimensions. Key...
Chapter 33: R Data Frames
R: Data Frames. If you’ve been following our lessons step by step, you already know: vectors (lists of same-type values) logical values strings numbers how to combine strings, do math, use if-else… Now data...
Chapter 34: R Factors
R Factors — one of the most confusing but extremely useful concepts in R, especially when you start doing real data analysis. Many beginners hate factors at first (they cause strange surprises), but once...
Chapter 35: R Graphics
R Graphics — one of the most exciting (and sometimes frustrating) parts of R. R has always been famous for its graphics capabilities — people choose R over other tools precisely because it can...
Chapter 36: R Plotting
R Plotting — probably the single most enjoyable (and addictive) part of learning R. Many people fall in love with R exactly because of how beautiful and flexible the plots can be. You can...
Chapter 37: R Line
R Line plots — that is, how to draw lines in plots. In R there are two main ways to create line plots: Base R → very fast, built-in, good for quick checks ggplot2...
Chapter 38: R Scatter Plot
R Scatter Plot. Scatter plots are the bread-and-butter of data exploration — they show relationships between two continuous variables, reveal patterns, clusters, outliers, correlations, trends… basically everything you need to “see” your data before...
Chapter 39: R Pie Charts
R Pie Charts — one of the most debated and emotionally charged plot types in the entire data visualization world. I’m going to explain this topic very honestly and in detail — like your...
Chapter 40: R Bar Charts
R Bar Charts. Bar charts are probably the single most used and most useful chart type in the entire world of data visualization — especially in business, reports, research papers, dashboards, and presentations. They...
