Category: R

R Data Types (also called data modes, atomic types, or basic object types). This is super important because almost everything in R revolves around how data is stored and what you can do with...

R Numbers — basically everything you need to know about how R handles numeric values (numbers). In R, “numbers” are not just one thing. There are two main kinds of numbers, plus special values like...

R Math (mathematical functions and operations in R). R was literally designed for mathematics and statistics, so its math support is excellent — fast, vectorized (works on whole vectors at once), and packed with...

1. What is a String in R? (Simple Definition) A string (or character vector element) is just text data — anything inside quotation marks. In R: Single quotes ‘ ‘ or double quotes ”...

1. What is an Escape Character in R? An escape character is a special combination that starts with a backslash \ inside a string. The backslash tells R: “The next character is not normal...

R: Booleans / Logical Values. These are the yes/no, true/false values that control almost everything in data analysis: Which rows to keep or remove Which calculations to perform Which points to color red in...

R Operators — the symbols and keywords that let you do calculations, comparisons, assignments, logical decisions, and more. Operators are the “verbs” and “connectors” of the language. I’ll explain this like we’re sitting together...

if … else This is how you tell the computer: “If this condition is true → do this, otherwise → do that.” It’s used everywhere: Decide whether to show a warning Apply different calculations...

Part 1: What Are Nested If Statements? A nested if statement is simply an if statement placed inside another if statement. It allows you to test multiple conditions in a hierarchical way, where the inner condition is only evaluated if...

Part 1: The Core Operators – What They Are In R, we have two main types of logical operators: element-wise and single-value operators. Let’s start with the basics. The AND Operators & (Element-wise AND) – Compares each corresponding element of...