Python Encapsulation

1. What is Encapsulation?

Encapsulation means keeping data safe inside a class.

In simple words:
👉 Data and methods are wrapped together
👉 Outside code cannot directly change important data
👉 We control how data is accessed

2. Real-Life Example

Think of an ATM machine 🏧

• You cannot see money inside

• You use buttons to withdraw

Same idea in Python:

• Data is hidden

• Methods control access

3. Public, Protected, and Private Variables

Public Variable

Can be accessed anywhere.

Protected Variable (_)

Means “use carefully”.

Private Variable (__)

Cannot be accessed directly.

4. Access Private Variable Using Method

Example

5. Change Private Variable Safely

Example

6. Why Encapsulation is Important?

✔ Keeps data safe
✔ Prevents wrong changes
✔ Makes code secure
✔ Easy to manage

7. Encapsulation with Getter and Setter

Example

8. Encapsulation Using property()

Example

9. Common Beginner Mistakes

❌ Accessing Private Variable Directly

❌ Error.

❌ Not Using Methods for Sensitive Data

👉 Data can be misused.

10. Simple Practice Examples

Example 1: Bank Account

Example 2: Password

Example 3: Temperature

11. Summary (Python Encapsulation)

✔ Encapsulation hides data
✔ Uses private variables
✔ Access through methods
✔ Makes program secure
✔ Important OOP concept

📘 Perfect for Beginner eBook

This chapter is ideal for:

• Python beginner books

• School & college students

• Self-learners

If you want next, I can write:

• Abstraction

• Data Hiding

• OOP Mini Projects

Just tell me 😊