💻 C# Programming Tutorial for Beginners

1. What is C#? (Super Simple Explanation)

C# (say: “see sharp”) is a modern, beautiful, and very powerful programming language made by Microsoft.

Think of it like this:

• Python → easy and simple, great for beginners
• Java → strong but a bit old-school
• C# → the perfect mix: easy to read like Python, super powerful like Java/C++, and runs really fast!

C# is used everywhere:

• Games (Unity engine – most mobile & PC games!)
• Web apps & APIs (like Netflix, Stack Overflow parts)
• Desktop apps (Windows apps)
• Mobile apps (with .NET MAUI)
• Cloud services (Azure)
• AI, IoT, robotics, automation… literally everything!

2. Quick History (Only the Important Stuff – 2026 Update)

• 2000 → Microsoft creates C# (led by genius Anders Hejlsberg)
• 2002 → First version (C# 1.0)
• 2010 → C# 4.0 – dynamic typing
• 2012 → C# 5.0 → async/await (made waiting for internet super easy)
• 2019–2023 → C# 8–12 → records, pattern matching, primary constructors…
• 2024 → C# 13
• November 2025 → C# 14 released with .NET 10 (the version we use today!)

As of January 2026 → The latest & best is C# 14 + .NET 10 (Long-Term Support until 2028 – super stable for real projects!)

3. .NET – The Magic Platform Behind C#

.NET is not just a framework – it’s the home where C# lives. It gives C# all its superpowers!

Current best choice (Jan 2026): .NET 10 (LTS – supported until Nov 2028) + C# 14 → Fastest, safest, most modern!

4. Setting Up Your Environment (Two Easy Choices – 2026)

Choice 1: Visual Studio 2026 Community (Recommended for Beginners – Full Power)

1. Go to: https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/
2. Download Visual Studio 2026 Community (100% free!)
3. Install → Choose these workloads:
   • .NET desktop development
   • ASP.NET and web development (optional but useful)
   • .NET Multi-platform App UI development (.NET MAUI – mobile/desktop)
4. Install (takes ~20–40 min depending on internet)
5. Open VS 2026 → Create a new project → Console App (.NET) → Select .NET 10.0 → Name it “MyFirstApp” → Create!

Choice 2: Visual Studio Code + .NET SDK (Lightweight, Free Forever)

1. Install VS Code: https://code.visualstudio.com/
2. Install .NET 10 SDK: https://dotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/download/dotnet/10.0 (Choose the SDK – about 200 MB)
3. In VS Code → Extensions → Install:
   • C# Dev Kit (by Microsoft – includes everything!)
   • C# (base support)
4. Open terminal (Ctrl+`) and run:
   Bash

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   dotnet new console -o HelloWorld cd HelloWorld code .

5. Press F5 → Magic!

5. Your Very First Program – Hello World! 🌍

Open your project and replace everything in Program.cs with this modern C# 14 style (no class or Main needed!):

How to run it?

• Visual Studio → Press F5 (green play button)
• VS Code → Press F5 or terminal: dotnet run

You should see:

Congratulations! 🎉 You just wrote and ran your first C# program!

6. Let’s Make It Personal – Variables & Input

Now let’s make the program ask for your name!

Update Program.cs:

Run it again → Try typing your name and age!

7. Quick Summary – What We Learned Today

• C# is modern, powerful, and fun!
• We use .NET 10 + C# 14 in 2026
• Two great tools: Visual Studio 2026 or VS Code + .NET SDK
• Wrote our first Hello World
• Learned how to read user input (Console.ReadLine())
• Used variables (string, int)
• Used string interpolation ($”Hello {name}”) – very clean!

Your Homework (Super Easy & Fun!)

1. Install one of the setups above
2. Run the Hello World program
3. Change it to ask for your favorite color, food, or hobby Example:
   C#

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   Console.WriteLine("What's your favorite color?"); string color = Console.ReadLine(); Console.WriteLine($"Wow, {color} is such a cool color! 🌈");

4. Run it and feel proud! 🎉